![]() ![]() In reality, the control of adrenocortical function is a lot more sophisticated with second messengers crosstalking and mutually modifying each other’s pathways. Increased formation of NADH results in increased ATP production, whereas that of NADPH supports steroid production. The cytosolic Ca 2+ signal is transferred into the mitochondrial matrix and enhances pyridine nucleotide reduction. Both Ca 2+ and cAMP facilitate the transfer of cholesterol to mitochondrial inner membrane. ACTH acts primarily through the formation of cAMP and subsequent protein phosphorylation by protein kinase A. AII triggers Ca 2+ release from internal stores that is followed by store-operated and voltage-dependent Ca 2+ entry, whereas K +-evoked depolarization activates voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. The major physiological stimuli of aldosterone secretion are angiotensin II (AII) and extracellular K +, whereas cortisol production is primarily regulated by corticotropin (ACTH) in fasciculata cells. 2Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.1Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary. ![]()
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